reth_rpc_eth_api/helpers/

call.rs

//! Loads a pending block from database. Helper trait for `eth_` transaction, call and trace RPC
//! methods.

use super::{LoadBlock, LoadPendingBlock, LoadState, LoadTransaction, SpawnBlocking, Trace};
use crate::{
    helpers::estimate::EstimateCall, FromEvmError, FullEthApiTypes, RpcBlock, RpcNodeCore,
};
use alloy_consensus::BlockHeader;
use alloy_eips::eip2930::AccessListResult;
use alloy_primitives::{Bytes, B256, U256};
use alloy_rpc_types_eth::{
    simulate::{SimBlock, SimulatePayload, SimulatedBlock},
    state::{EvmOverrides, StateOverride},
    transaction::TransactionRequest,
    BlockId, Bundle, EthCallResponse, StateContext, TransactionInfo,
};
use futures::Future;
use reth_errors::{ProviderError, RethError};
use reth_evm::{
    ConfigureEvm, Evm, EvmEnv, EvmEnvFor, HaltReasonFor, InspectorFor, SpecFor, TransactionEnv,
    TxEnvFor,
};
use reth_node_api::{BlockBody, NodePrimitives};
use reth_primitives_traits::{Recovered, SealedHeader, SignedTransaction};
use reth_revm::{
    database::StateProviderDatabase,
    db::{CacheDB, State},
    DatabaseRef,
};
use reth_rpc_eth_types::{
    cache::db::{StateCacheDbRefMutWrapper, StateProviderTraitObjWrapper},
    error::{api::FromEvmHalt, ensure_success, FromEthApiError},
    revm_utils::{apply_block_overrides, apply_state_overrides, caller_gas_allowance},
    simulate::{self, EthSimulateError},
    EthApiError, RevertError, RpcInvalidTransactionError, StateCacheDb,
};
use reth_storage_api::{BlockIdReader, ProviderHeader, ProviderTx};
use revm::{
    context_interface::{
        result::{ExecutionResult, ResultAndState},
        Transaction,
    },
    Database, DatabaseCommit,
};
use revm_inspectors::{access_list::AccessListInspector, transfer::TransferInspector};
use tracing::trace;

/// Result type for `eth_simulateV1` RPC method.
pub type SimulatedBlocksResult<N, E> = Result<Vec<SimulatedBlock<RpcBlock<N>>>, E>;

/// Execution related functions for the [`EthApiServer`](crate::EthApiServer) trait in
/// the `eth_` namespace.
pub trait EthCall: EstimateCall + Call + LoadPendingBlock + LoadBlock + FullEthApiTypes {
    /// Estimate gas needed for execution of the `request` at the [`BlockId`].
    fn estimate_gas_at(
        &self,
        request: TransactionRequest,
        at: BlockId,
        state_override: Option<StateOverride>,
    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<U256, Self::Error>> + Send {
        EstimateCall::estimate_gas_at(self, request, at, state_override)
    }

    /// `eth_simulateV1` executes an arbitrary number of transactions on top of the requested state.
    /// The transactions are packed into individual blocks. Overrides can be provided.
    ///
    /// See also: <https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/27720>
    fn simulate_v1(
        &self,
        payload: SimulatePayload,
        block: Option<BlockId>,
    ) -> impl Future<Output = SimulatedBlocksResult<Self::NetworkTypes, Self::Error>> + Send {
        async move {
            if payload.block_state_calls.len() > self.max_simulate_blocks() as usize {
                return Err(EthApiError::InvalidParams("too many blocks.".to_string()).into())
            }

            let block = block.unwrap_or_default();

            let SimulatePayload {
                block_state_calls,
                trace_transfers,
                validation,
                return_full_transactions,
            } = payload;

            if block_state_calls.is_empty() {
                return Err(EthApiError::InvalidParams(String::from("calls are empty.")).into())
            }

            let base_block =
                self.recovered_block(block).await?.ok_or(EthApiError::HeaderNotFound(block))?;
            let mut parent = base_block.sealed_header().clone();

            let this = self.clone();
            self.spawn_with_state_at_block(block, move |state| {
                let mut db =
                    State::builder().with_database(StateProviderDatabase::new(state)).build();
                let mut blocks: Vec<SimulatedBlock<RpcBlock<Self::NetworkTypes>>> =
                    Vec::with_capacity(block_state_calls.len());
                for block in block_state_calls {
                    let mut evm_env = this
                        .evm_config()
                        .next_evm_env(&parent, &this.next_env_attributes(&parent)?)
                        .map_err(RethError::other)
                        .map_err(Self::Error::from_eth_err)?;

                    // Always disable EIP-3607
                    evm_env.cfg_env.disable_eip3607 = true;

                    if !validation {
                        // If not explicitly required, we disable nonce check <https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth/issues/16108>
                        evm_env.cfg_env.disable_nonce_check = true;
                        evm_env.cfg_env.disable_base_fee = true;
                        evm_env.block_env.basefee = 0;
                    }

                    let SimBlock { block_overrides, state_overrides, calls } = block;

                    if let Some(block_overrides) = block_overrides {
                        // ensure we don't allow uncapped gas limit per block
                        if let Some(gas_limit_override) = block_overrides.gas_limit {
                            if gas_limit_override > evm_env.block_env.gas_limit &&
                                gas_limit_override > this.call_gas_limit()
                            {
                                return Err(
                                    EthApiError::other(EthSimulateError::GasLimitReached).into()
                                )
                            }
                        }
                        apply_block_overrides(block_overrides, &mut db, &mut evm_env.block_env);
                    }
                    if let Some(state_overrides) = state_overrides {
                        apply_state_overrides(state_overrides, &mut db)?;
                    }

                    let block_env = evm_env.block_env.clone();
                    let chain_id = evm_env.cfg_env.chain_id;

                    let default_gas_limit = {
                        let total_specified_gas = calls.iter().filter_map(|tx| tx.gas).sum::<u64>();
                        let txs_without_gas_limit =
                            calls.iter().filter(|tx| tx.gas.is_none()).count();

                        if total_specified_gas > block_env.gas_limit {
                            return Err(EthApiError::Other(Box::new(
                                EthSimulateError::BlockGasLimitExceeded,
                            ))
                            .into())
                        }

                        if txs_without_gas_limit > 0 {
                            (block_env.gas_limit - total_specified_gas) /
                                txs_without_gas_limit as u64
                        } else {
                            0
                        }
                    };

                    let ctx = this
                        .evm_config()
                        .context_for_next_block(&parent, this.next_env_attributes(&parent)?);
                    let (result, results) = if trace_transfers {
                        // prepare inspector to capture transfer inside the evm so they are recorded
                        // and included in logs
                        let inspector = TransferInspector::new(false).with_logs(true);
                        let evm = this
                            .evm_config()
                            .evm_with_env_and_inspector(&mut db, evm_env, inspector);
                        let builder = this.evm_config().create_block_builder(evm, &parent, ctx);
                        simulate::execute_transactions(
                            builder,
                            calls,
                            default_gas_limit,
                            chain_id,
                            this.tx_resp_builder(),
                        )?
                    } else {
                        let evm = this.evm_config().evm_with_env(&mut db, evm_env);
                        let builder = this.evm_config().create_block_builder(evm, &parent, ctx);
                        simulate::execute_transactions(
                            builder,
                            calls,
                            default_gas_limit,
                            chain_id,
                            this.tx_resp_builder(),
                        )?
                    };

                    let block = simulate::build_simulated_block(
                        result.block,
                        results,
                        return_full_transactions,
                        this.tx_resp_builder(),
                    )?;

                    parent = SealedHeader::new(
                        block.inner.header.inner.clone(),
                        block.inner.header.hash,
                    );

                    blocks.push(block);
                }

                Ok(blocks)
            })
            .await
        }
    }

    /// Executes the call request (`eth_call`) and returns the output
    fn call(
        &self,
        request: TransactionRequest,
        block_number: Option<BlockId>,
        overrides: EvmOverrides,
    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Bytes, Self::Error>> + Send {
        async move {
            let (res, _env) =
                self.transact_call_at(request, block_number.unwrap_or_default(), overrides).await?;

            ensure_success(res.result)
        }
    }

    /// Simulate arbitrary number of transactions at an arbitrary blockchain index, with the
    /// optionality of state overrides
    fn call_many(
        &self,
        bundles: Vec<Bundle>,
        state_context: Option<StateContext>,
        mut state_override: Option<StateOverride>,
    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Vec<Vec<EthCallResponse>>, Self::Error>> + Send {
        async move {
            // Check if the vector of bundles is empty
            if bundles.is_empty() {
                return Err(EthApiError::InvalidParams(String::from("bundles are empty.")).into());
            }

            let StateContext { transaction_index, block_number } =
                state_context.unwrap_or_default();
            let transaction_index = transaction_index.unwrap_or_default();

            let mut target_block = block_number.unwrap_or_default();
            let is_block_target_pending = target_block.is_pending();

            // if it's not pending, we should always use block_hash over block_number to ensure that
            // different provider calls query data related to the same block.
            if !is_block_target_pending {
                target_block = self
                    .provider()
                    .block_hash_for_id(target_block)
                    .map_err(|_| EthApiError::HeaderNotFound(target_block))?
                    .ok_or_else(|| EthApiError::HeaderNotFound(target_block))?
                    .into();
            }

            let ((evm_env, _), block) = futures::try_join!(
                self.evm_env_at(target_block),
                self.recovered_block(target_block)
            )?;

            let block = block.ok_or(EthApiError::HeaderNotFound(target_block))?;

            // we're essentially replaying the transactions in the block here, hence we need the
            // state that points to the beginning of the block, which is the state at
            // the parent block
            let mut at = block.parent_hash();
            let mut replay_block_txs = true;

            let num_txs =
                transaction_index.index().unwrap_or_else(|| block.body().transactions().len());
            // but if all transactions are to be replayed, we can use the state at the block itself,
            // however only if we're not targeting the pending block, because for pending we can't
            // rely on the block's state being available
            if !is_block_target_pending && num_txs == block.body().transactions().len() {
                at = block.hash();
                replay_block_txs = false;
            }

            let this = self.clone();
            self.spawn_with_state_at_block(at.into(), move |state| {
                let mut all_results = Vec::with_capacity(bundles.len());
                let mut db = CacheDB::new(StateProviderDatabase::new(state));

                if replay_block_txs {
                    // only need to replay the transactions in the block if not all transactions are
                    // to be replayed
                    let block_transactions = block.transactions_recovered().take(num_txs);
                    for tx in block_transactions {
                        let tx_env = RpcNodeCore::evm_config(&this).tx_env(tx);
                        let (res, _) = this.transact(&mut db, evm_env.clone(), tx_env)?;
                        db.commit(res.state);
                    }
                }

                // transact all bundles
                for bundle in bundles {
                    let Bundle { transactions, block_override } = bundle;
                    if transactions.is_empty() {
                        // Skip empty bundles
                        continue;
                    }

                    let mut bundle_results = Vec::with_capacity(transactions.len());
                    let block_overrides = block_override.map(Box::new);

                    // transact all transactions in the bundle
                    for tx in transactions {
                        // Apply overrides, state overrides are only applied for the first tx in the
                        // request
                        let overrides =
                            EvmOverrides::new(state_override.take(), block_overrides.clone());

                        let (current_evm_env, prepared_tx) =
                            this.prepare_call_env(evm_env.clone(), tx, &mut db, overrides)?;
                        let (res, _) = this.transact(&mut db, current_evm_env, prepared_tx)?;

                        match ensure_success::<_, Self::Error>(res.result) {
                            Ok(output) => {
                                bundle_results
                                    .push(EthCallResponse { value: Some(output), error: None });
                            }
                            Err(err) => {
                                bundle_results.push(EthCallResponse {
                                    value: None,
                                    error: Some(err.to_string()),
                                });
                            }
                        }

                        // Commit state changes after each transaction to allow subsequent calls to
                        // see the updates
                        db.commit(res.state);
                    }

                    all_results.push(bundle_results);
                }

                Ok(all_results)
            })
            .await
        }
    }

    /// Creates [`AccessListResult`] for the [`TransactionRequest`] at the given
    /// [`BlockId`], or latest block.
    fn create_access_list_at(
        &self,
        request: TransactionRequest,
        block_number: Option<BlockId>,
        state_override: Option<StateOverride>,
    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<AccessListResult, Self::Error>> + Send
    where
        Self: Trace,
    {
        async move {
            let block_id = block_number.unwrap_or_default();
            let (evm_env, at) = self.evm_env_at(block_id).await?;

            self.spawn_blocking_io(move |this| {
                this.create_access_list_with(evm_env, at, request, state_override)
            })
            .await
        }
    }

    /// Creates [`AccessListResult`] for the [`TransactionRequest`] at the given
    /// [`BlockId`].
    fn create_access_list_with(
        &self,
        mut evm_env: EvmEnvFor<Self::Evm>,
        at: BlockId,
        mut request: TransactionRequest,
        state_override: Option<StateOverride>,
    ) -> Result<AccessListResult, Self::Error>
    where
        Self: Trace,
    {
        let state = self.state_at_block_id(at)?;
        let mut db = CacheDB::new(StateProviderDatabase::new(state));

        if let Some(state_overrides) = state_override {
            apply_state_overrides(state_overrides, &mut db)?;
        }

        let mut tx_env = self.create_txn_env(&evm_env, request.clone(), &mut db)?;

        // we want to disable this in eth_createAccessList, since this is common practice used by
        // other node impls and providers <https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/issues/4388>
        evm_env.cfg_env.disable_block_gas_limit = true;

        // The basefee should be ignored for eth_createAccessList
        // See:
        // <https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/8990c92aea01ca07801597b00c0d83d4e2d9b811/internal/ethapi/api.go#L1476-L1476>
        evm_env.cfg_env.disable_base_fee = true;

        // Disabled because eth_createAccessList is sometimes used with non-eoa senders
        evm_env.cfg_env.disable_eip3607 = true;

        if request.gas.is_none() && tx_env.gas_price() > 0 {
            let cap = caller_gas_allowance(&mut db, &tx_env)?;
            // no gas limit was provided in the request, so we need to cap the request's gas limit
            tx_env.set_gas_limit(cap.min(evm_env.block_env.gas_limit));
        }

        // can consume the list since we're not using the request anymore
        let initial = request.access_list.take().unwrap_or_default();

        let mut inspector = AccessListInspector::new(initial);

        let (result, (evm_env, mut tx_env)) =
            self.inspect(&mut db, evm_env, tx_env, &mut inspector)?;
        let access_list = inspector.into_access_list();
        tx_env.set_access_list(access_list.clone());
        match result.result {
            ExecutionResult::Halt { reason, gas_used } => {
                let error =
                    Some(Self::Error::from_evm_halt(reason, tx_env.gas_limit()).to_string());
                return Ok(AccessListResult { access_list, gas_used: U256::from(gas_used), error })
            }
            ExecutionResult::Revert { output, gas_used } => {
                let error = Some(RevertError::new(output).to_string());
                return Ok(AccessListResult { access_list, gas_used: U256::from(gas_used), error })
            }
            ExecutionResult::Success { .. } => {}
        };

        // transact again to get the exact gas used
        let (result, (_, tx_env)) = self.transact(&mut db, evm_env, tx_env)?;
        let res = match result.result {
            ExecutionResult::Halt { reason, gas_used } => {
                let error =
                    Some(Self::Error::from_evm_halt(reason, tx_env.gas_limit()).to_string());
                AccessListResult { access_list, gas_used: U256::from(gas_used), error }
            }
            ExecutionResult::Revert { output, gas_used } => {
                let error = Some(RevertError::new(output).to_string());
                AccessListResult { access_list, gas_used: U256::from(gas_used), error }
            }
            ExecutionResult::Success { gas_used, .. } => {
                AccessListResult { access_list, gas_used: U256::from(gas_used), error: None }
            }
        };

        Ok(res)
    }
}

/// Executes code on state.
pub trait Call:
    LoadState<
        Evm: ConfigureEvm<
            Primitives: NodePrimitives<
                BlockHeader = ProviderHeader<Self::Provider>,
                SignedTx = ProviderTx<Self::Provider>,
            >,
        >,
        Error: FromEvmError<Self::Evm>,
    > + SpawnBlocking
{
    /// Returns default gas limit to use for `eth_call` and tracing RPC methods.
    ///
    /// Data access in default trait method implementations.
    fn call_gas_limit(&self) -> u64;

    /// Returns the maximum number of blocks accepted for `eth_simulateV1`.
    fn max_simulate_blocks(&self) -> u64;

    /// Executes the closure with the state that corresponds to the given [`BlockId`].
    fn with_state_at_block<F, R>(&self, at: BlockId, f: F) -> Result<R, Self::Error>
    where
        F: FnOnce(StateProviderTraitObjWrapper<'_>) -> Result<R, Self::Error>,
    {
        let state = self.state_at_block_id(at)?;
        f(StateProviderTraitObjWrapper(&state))
    }

    /// Executes the `TxEnv` against the given [Database] without committing state
    /// changes.
    #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
    fn transact<DB>(
        &self,
        db: DB,
        evm_env: EvmEnvFor<Self::Evm>,
        tx_env: TxEnvFor<Self::Evm>,
    ) -> Result<
        (ResultAndState<HaltReasonFor<Self::Evm>>, (EvmEnvFor<Self::Evm>, TxEnvFor<Self::Evm>)),
        Self::Error,
    >
    where
        DB: Database<Error = ProviderError>,
    {
        let mut evm = self.evm_config().evm_with_env(db, evm_env.clone());
        let res = evm.transact(tx_env.clone()).map_err(Self::Error::from_evm_err)?;

        Ok((res, (evm_env, tx_env)))
    }

    /// Executes the [`EvmEnv`] against the given [Database] without committing state
    /// changes.
    #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
    fn transact_with_inspector<DB, I>(
        &self,
        db: DB,
        evm_env: EvmEnvFor<Self::Evm>,
        tx_env: TxEnvFor<Self::Evm>,
        inspector: I,
    ) -> Result<
        (ResultAndState<HaltReasonFor<Self::Evm>>, (EvmEnvFor<Self::Evm>, TxEnvFor<Self::Evm>)),
        Self::Error,
    >
    where
        DB: Database<Error = ProviderError>,
        I: InspectorFor<Self::Evm, DB>,
    {
        let mut evm = self.evm_config().evm_with_env_and_inspector(db, evm_env.clone(), inspector);
        let res = evm.transact(tx_env.clone()).map_err(Self::Error::from_evm_err)?;

        Ok((res, (evm_env, tx_env)))
    }

    /// Executes the call request at the given [`BlockId`].
    #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
    fn transact_call_at(
        &self,
        request: TransactionRequest,
        at: BlockId,
        overrides: EvmOverrides,
    ) -> impl Future<
        Output = Result<
            (ResultAndState<HaltReasonFor<Self::Evm>>, (EvmEnvFor<Self::Evm>, TxEnvFor<Self::Evm>)),
            Self::Error,
        >,
    > + Send
    where
        Self: LoadPendingBlock,
    {
        let this = self.clone();
        self.spawn_with_call_at(request, at, overrides, move |db, evm_env, tx_env| {
            this.transact(db, evm_env, tx_env)
        })
    }

    /// Executes the closure with the state that corresponds to the given [`BlockId`] on a new task
    fn spawn_with_state_at_block<F, R>(
        &self,
        at: BlockId,
        f: F,
    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<R, Self::Error>> + Send
    where
        F: FnOnce(StateProviderTraitObjWrapper<'_>) -> Result<R, Self::Error> + Send + 'static,
        R: Send + 'static,
    {
        self.spawn_tracing(move |this| {
            let state = this.state_at_block_id(at)?;
            f(StateProviderTraitObjWrapper(&state))
        })
    }

    /// Prepares the state and env for the given [`TransactionRequest`] at the given [`BlockId`] and
    /// executes the closure on a new task returning the result of the closure.
    ///
    /// This returns the configured [`EvmEnv`] for the given [`TransactionRequest`] at
    /// the given [`BlockId`] and with configured call settings: `prepare_call_env`.
    ///
    /// This is primarily used by `eth_call`.
    ///
    /// # Blocking behaviour
    ///
    /// This assumes executing the call is relatively more expensive on IO than CPU because it
    /// transacts a single transaction on an empty in memory database. Because `eth_call`s are
    /// usually allowed to consume a lot of gas, this also allows a lot of memory operations so
    /// we assume this is not primarily CPU bound and instead spawn the call on a regular tokio task
    /// instead, where blocking IO is less problematic.
    fn spawn_with_call_at<F, R>(
        &self,
        request: TransactionRequest,
        at: BlockId,
        overrides: EvmOverrides,
        f: F,
    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<R, Self::Error>> + Send
    where
        Self: LoadPendingBlock,
        F: FnOnce(
                StateCacheDbRefMutWrapper<'_, '_>,
                EvmEnvFor<Self::Evm>,
                TxEnvFor<Self::Evm>,
            ) -> Result<R, Self::Error>
            + Send
            + 'static,
        R: Send + 'static,
    {
        async move {
            let (evm_env, at) = self.evm_env_at(at).await?;
            let this = self.clone();
            self.spawn_blocking_io(move |_| {
                let state = this.state_at_block_id(at)?;
                let mut db =
                    CacheDB::new(StateProviderDatabase::new(StateProviderTraitObjWrapper(&state)));

                let (evm_env, tx_env) =
                    this.prepare_call_env(evm_env, request, &mut db, overrides)?;

                f(StateCacheDbRefMutWrapper(&mut db), evm_env, tx_env)
            })
            .await
        }
    }

    /// Retrieves the transaction if it exists and executes it.
    ///
    /// Before the transaction is executed, all previous transaction in the block are applied to the
    /// state by executing them first.
    /// The callback `f` is invoked with the [`ResultAndState`] after the transaction was executed
    /// and the database that points to the beginning of the transaction.
    ///
    /// Note: Implementers should use a threadpool where blocking is allowed, such as
    /// [`BlockingTaskPool`](reth_tasks::pool::BlockingTaskPool).
    fn spawn_replay_transaction<F, R>(
        &self,
        hash: B256,
        f: F,
    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<R>, Self::Error>> + Send
    where
        Self: LoadBlock + LoadTransaction,
        F: FnOnce(
                TransactionInfo,
                ResultAndState<HaltReasonFor<Self::Evm>>,
                StateCacheDb<'_>,
            ) -> Result<R, Self::Error>
            + Send
            + 'static,
        R: Send + 'static,
    {
        async move {
            let (transaction, block) = match self.transaction_and_block(hash).await? {
                None => return Ok(None),
                Some(res) => res,
            };
            let (tx, tx_info) = transaction.split();

            let (evm_env, _) = self.evm_env_at(block.hash().into()).await?;

            // we need to get the state of the parent block because we're essentially replaying the
            // block the transaction is included in
            let parent_block = block.parent_hash();

            let this = self.clone();
            self.spawn_with_state_at_block(parent_block.into(), move |state| {
                let mut db = CacheDB::new(StateProviderDatabase::new(state));
                let block_txs = block.transactions_recovered();

                // replay all transactions prior to the targeted transaction
                this.replay_transactions_until(&mut db, evm_env.clone(), block_txs, *tx.tx_hash())?;

                let tx_env = RpcNodeCore::evm_config(&this).tx_env(tx);

                let (res, _) = this.transact(&mut db, evm_env, tx_env)?;
                f(tx_info, res, db)
            })
            .await
            .map(Some)
        }
    }

    /// Replays all the transactions until the target transaction is found.
    ///
    /// All transactions before the target transaction are executed and their changes are written to
    /// the _runtime_ db ([`CacheDB`]).
    ///
    /// Note: This assumes the target transaction is in the given iterator.
    /// Returns the index of the target transaction in the given iterator.
    fn replay_transactions_until<'a, DB, I>(
        &self,
        db: &mut DB,
        evm_env: EvmEnvFor<Self::Evm>,
        transactions: I,
        target_tx_hash: B256,
    ) -> Result<usize, Self::Error>
    where
        DB: Database<Error = ProviderError> + DatabaseCommit,
        I: IntoIterator<Item = Recovered<&'a ProviderTx<Self::Provider>>>,
    {
        let mut evm = self.evm_config().evm_with_env(db, evm_env);
        let mut index = 0;
        for tx in transactions {
            if *tx.tx_hash() == target_tx_hash {
                // reached the target transaction
                break
            }

            let tx_env = self.evm_config().tx_env(tx);
            evm.transact_commit(tx_env).map_err(Self::Error::from_evm_err)?;
            index += 1;
        }
        Ok(index)
    }

    /// Configures a new `TxEnv`  for the [`TransactionRequest`]
    ///
    /// All `TxEnv` fields are derived from the given [`TransactionRequest`], if fields are
    /// `None`, they fall back to the [`EvmEnv`]'s settings.
    fn create_txn_env(
        &self,
        evm_env: &EvmEnv<SpecFor<Self::Evm>>,
        request: TransactionRequest,
        db: impl Database<Error: Into<EthApiError>>,
    ) -> Result<TxEnvFor<Self::Evm>, Self::Error>;

    /// Prepares the [`EvmEnv`] for execution of calls.
    ///
    /// Does not commit any changes to the underlying database.
    ///
    /// ## EVM settings
    ///
    /// This modifies certain EVM settings to mirror geth's `SkipAccountChecks` when transacting requests, see also: <https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/380688c636a654becc8f114438c2a5d93d2db032/core/state_transition.go#L145-L148>:
    ///
    ///  - `disable_eip3607` is set to `true`
    ///  - `disable_base_fee` is set to `true`
    ///  - `nonce` is set to `None`
    ///
    /// In addition, this changes the block's gas limit to the configured [`Self::call_gas_limit`].
    #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
    fn prepare_call_env<DB>(
        &self,
        mut evm_env: EvmEnvFor<Self::Evm>,
        mut request: TransactionRequest,
        db: &mut CacheDB<DB>,
        overrides: EvmOverrides,
    ) -> Result<(EvmEnvFor<Self::Evm>, TxEnvFor<Self::Evm>), Self::Error>
    where
        DB: DatabaseRef,
        EthApiError: From<<DB as DatabaseRef>::Error>,
    {
        if request.gas > Some(self.call_gas_limit()) {
            // configured gas exceeds limit
            return Err(
                EthApiError::InvalidTransaction(RpcInvalidTransactionError::GasTooHigh).into()
            )
        }

        // apply configured gas cap
        evm_env.block_env.gas_limit = self.call_gas_limit();

        // Disabled because eth_call is sometimes used with eoa senders
        // See <https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth/issues/1959>
        evm_env.cfg_env.disable_eip3607 = true;

        // The basefee should be ignored for eth_call
        // See:
        // <https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/ee8e83fa5f6cb261dad2ed0a7bbcde4930c41e6c/internal/ethapi/api.go#L985>
        evm_env.cfg_env.disable_base_fee = true;

        // set nonce to None so that the correct nonce is chosen by the EVM
        request.nonce = None;

        if let Some(block_overrides) = overrides.block {
            apply_block_overrides(*block_overrides, db, &mut evm_env.block_env);
        }
        if let Some(state_overrides) = overrides.state {
            apply_state_overrides(state_overrides, db)?;
        }

        let request_gas = request.gas;
        let request_from = request.from;
        let mut tx_env = self.create_txn_env(&evm_env, request, &mut *db)?;

        if request_from.is_none() {
            // No from address was provided in the request, so we use the default gas limit
        } else if request_gas.is_none() {
            // No gas limit was provided in the request, so we need to cap the transaction gas limit
            if tx_env.gas_price() > 0 {
                // If gas price is specified, cap transaction gas limit with caller allowance
                trace!(target: "rpc::eth::call", ?tx_env, "Applying gas limit cap with caller allowance");
                let cap = caller_gas_allowance(db, &tx_env)?;
                // ensure we cap gas_limit to the block's
                tx_env.set_gas_limit(cap.min(evm_env.block_env.gas_limit));
            }
        }

        Ok((evm_env, tx_env))
    }
}